[159][160], According to the United States Census Bureau in 2018 the population self-identifies as (alone or in combination):[161], By ethnicity, in 2018 the population was 60.7% non-Hispanic (of any race) and 39.3% Hispanic or Latino (of any race). [275] A special district, defined by California Government Code § 16271(d) as "any agency of the state for the local performance of governmental or proprietary functions within limited boundaries", provides a limited range of services within a defined geographic area. Various estimates of the native population range from 100,000 to 300,000.

[172][173][174], In total, 16 languages other than English were spoken as primary languages at home by more than 100,000 persons, more than any other state in the nation. Californians could be undercounted in the 2020 Census. Flowering plants include the dwarf desert poppy and a variety of asters.

[43][44] 2,827 Trinidadian and Tobagonians live in California.[45]. [94], Cathedral Basilica of St. Joseph in San Jose, North Indian style BAPS Shri Swaminarayan Mandir in Chino Hills, According to Pew Forum there are less than 1% Wiccans and other pagans in state with Central Valley Wicca and Reclaiming Wicca as key.

All of California's indigenous languages are endangered, although there are now efforts toward language revitalization. [176][177] A survey conducted between 2007 and 2009 identified 23 different indigenous languages among California farmworkers.

While Proposition 30 also enacted a minimum state sales tax of 7.5%, this sales tax increase was not extended by Proposition 55 and reverted to a previous minimum state sales tax rate of 7.25% in 2017. Fish and Wildlife Service. [87] Many of the prominent Hindu temples including the Malibu Hindu Temple are located in California.

The population of California continued to grow at a steadier rate but increases in excess of 50% between ten-year censuses were not uncommon. Know ye that at the right hand of the Indies there is an island called California, very close to that part of the Terrestrial Paradise, which was inhabited by black women without a single man among them, and they lived in the manner of Amazons.

The Mojave River is the primary watercourse in the Mojave Desert, and the Santa Ana River drains much of the Transverse Ranges as it bisects Southern California.

The current Speaker of the House of Representatives is the representative of California's 12th district, Nancy Pelosi;[277] Kevin McCarthy, representing the state's 23rd district, is the House Minority Leader. This is often referred to by the media as the California exodus. California's interconnected water system is the world's largest, managing over 40,000,000 acre feet (49 km3) of water per year, centered on six main systems of aqueducts and infrastructure projects. California's military forces consist of the Army and Air National Guard, the naval and state military reserve (militia), and the California Cadet Corps. [76], California has the most Roman Catholics in the United States, ahead of New York State, as well as large Protestant, non-religious, Jewish, and Muslim populations.

Los Angeles International Airport (LAX), the 4th busiest airport in the world in 2018, and San Francisco International Airport (SFO), the 25th busiest airport in the world in 2018, are major hubs for trans-Pacific and transcontinental traffic. Most of California's major rivers are dammed as part of two massive water projects: the Central Valley Project, providing water for agriculture in the Central Valley, and the California State Water Project diverting water from northern to southern California. California also has the largest populations of Hispanics/Latinos in the country. California's Asian American population is estimated at 4.4 million, constituting a third of the nation's total. [113] As of September 2010[update], 123 California animals were listed as either endangered or threatened on the federal list. [16], In 2011, there were an estimated 2.6 million illegal immigrants residing in California.

The calculation is based on the a… 55.87% of California residents speak only English, while 44.13% speak other languages. Census data for California (pop. [96] California is often geographically bisected into two regions, Southern California, comprising the 10 southernmost counties,[97][98] and Northern California, comprising the 48 northernmost counties.

and Stockton. California has the largest population of European Americans of any state. They are responsible for providing any police-sanctioned service to anyone on California's state-maintained highways and on state property. Most live in Long Beach and the Los Angeles suburbs of Carson, Artesia, Cerritos, and Redondo Beach, Oceanside, and Upland.

California has the largest minority population and the largest Hispanic population in the country. California has long been a subject of interest in the public mind and has often been promoted by its boosters as a kind of paradise.

Vietnamese and Cambodian immigrants also settled in the San Francisco Bay Area, especially San Jose, Santa Clara and Sunnyvale, as well across the San Joaquin Valley and in San Diego. [84][85] Stanford University and its Dean of Engineering Frederick Terman began encouraging faculty and graduates to stay in California instead of leaving the state, and develop a high-tech region in the area now known as Silicon Valley. California's native grasses are perennial plants.

The population of California in 2016 is growing at an above-average rate and an estimate carried out in 2015 suggests that there has been an increase from the 2010 Census figure of 37,253,956 to numbers in the region of 39,144,818. The Mexican border community of Calexico, California in addition to Mexicali has large numbers of Chinese Mexican Americans, that is, Mexican Americans of Chinese ancestry. Marin City, 73.08% of California residents were born in the United States, with 55.32% having been born in California. Northern parts of the state have more rain than the south.

The Republic's only president was William B. Ide,[65] who played a pivotal role during the Bear Flag Revolt. Coordinates: 37°N 120°W / 37°N 120°W / 37; -120. Please see the links below for a detailed description of the data available. As of the 1980s, Filipinos have been the largest population of Asians in California. Large Korean American communities exist in the Koreatown area of Los Angeles, the eastern San Gabriel Valley, the San Fernando Valley, Cerritos/Long Beach, South Bay, Los Angeles, northern Orange County and San Diego area. [25], The largest named ancestries in California are Mexican (25%), German (9%), Irish (7.7%), English (7.4%) and Italian[26](5.8%); there are 65 other ethnicities with sizable populations in California including Arabs, Albanians, Australians, Canadians, Haitians, Iranians/Persians and Somalis as examples. [156] The state of California and some California cities, including Los Angeles, Oakland and San Francisco,[158] have adopted sanctuary policies.

The Napa Valley and Salinas Valley have predominantly Latino communities established by migrant farm workers.

The California Republic was short lived;[66] the same year marked the outbreak of the Mexican–American War (1846–48). [93], A Pew Research Center survey revealed, however, that California is less religious than the rest of the United States: 62% of Californians say they are "absolutely certain" of the belief "in God or a universal spirit", while in the nation 71% say so. [113][115], Common plants that have been introduced to the state include the eucalyptus, acacia, pepper tree, geranium, and Scotch broom.

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