1992), flood-plains, pools in dry riverbeds (Hockey et al. The main food of the black stork includes all kinds of fish and amphibians that it prefers to catch from small forest rivers and ditches. It makes a hissing call as a warning or threat. [1][19] For the most part, deciduous trees are chosen for nesting sites, though conifers are used as well. An isolated, non-migratory, population occurs in Southern Africa. In winter, however, they fly to countries in Asia and Central Africa. When migrating between Europe and Africa, it avoids crossing the Mediterranean Sea and detours via the Levant in the east or the Strait of Gibraltar in the west. On les trouve sur tous les continents excepté l'Antarctique, dans les biomes continentaux chauds.... lire la suite. [13][17] The breast feathers are long and shaggy, forming a ruff which is used in some courtship displays. Even so, the state of the population overall is unclear,[1] and although it is widespread, it is not abundant anywhere.

The black stork (Ciconia nigra) is a large bird in the stork family Ciconiidae. Recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species: BirdLife International (2020) IUCN Red List for birds. 2005), and hunting in southern Europe and tropical Asia (especially during migration) have caused population declines (Hancock et al. [53] Birdlice that have been recorded on the species include Neophilopterus tricolor, Colpocephalum nigrae, and Ardeicola maculatus. [19] The black stork wades patiently and slowly in shallow water, often alone or in a small group if food is plentiful. 1992). [8] The black stork was long thought to be most closely related to the white stork (C. [18] It is generally found alone or in pairs, or in flocks of up to a hundred birds when migrating,[39] or during winter. [19], Migration takes place from early August to October, with a major exodus in September. The species shows a preference for nesting in trees that have canopies large enough to hold the nest away from the main trunk (e.g.

Distribution and habitat Various conservation measures have been taken for the black stork, like the Conservation Action Plan for African black storks by Wetlands International. It is seen in pairs or small flocks—in marshy areas, rivers or inland waters. Despite its large range, it is nowhere abundant, and it appears to be declining in parts of its range, such as in India, China and parts of Western Europe, though increasing in others such as the Iberian Peninsula. 1982) (although it may also roost communally in South Africa) (Brown et al. The scapulars, wing and upper tail coverts have pale tips. [13] The black stork has brown irises, and bare red skin around its eyes. [19] The young start flying by the end of July. ciconiae—was isolated and described from the trachea of healthy black storks, and is thought to be part of the natural flora of the species. It has been observed shading the water with its wings while hunting. 1992) especially where there are stands of reeds or long grass (Brown et al. The juvenile black stork, although having a less diverse helminth population, is parasitized more frequently than the adult.

Behaviour Most populations of this species are fully migratory and travel on a narrow front (del Hoyo et al. 1992) of up to 100 individuals (Snow and Perrins 1998), and on its wintering grounds it is normally observed singly or in small groups of less than 30 individuals (Brown et al. [6] The word stork is derived from the Old English word storc, thought to be related to the Old High German storah, meaning "stork", and the Old English stearc, meaning "stiff". Longues pattes, long cou et bec très allongé. The trip is around 5,667 km (3,521 mi) via the western route and 7,000 km (4,300 mi) via the eastern route, with satellite tracking yielding an average travel time of 37 and 80 days respectively. In the Korean Peninsula, the black stork is an uncommon summer visitor, no longer breeding in the south since 1966. nuptial.

They can be found in hilly, mountainous terrain also, as long as there is enough water nearby for foraging. Trend justificationThe overall population trend is uncertain, as some populations are decreasing, while others are increasing, stable or have unknown trends (Wetlands International 2006).

[56], Since 1998, the black stork has been rated as a species of least concern on the IUCN Red List of Endangered Species. [27], The black stork prefers more wooded areas than the better-known white stork, and breeds in large marshy wetlands with interspersed coniferous or broadleaved woodlands, but also inhabits hills and mountains with sufficient networks of creeks. The black stork also follows large mammals such as deer and livestock, presumably to eat the invertebrates and small animals flushed by their presence.

HABITAT: Black-necked Stork lives in wetlands, floodplains of rivers, large shallow marshes, pools, and also in deep permanent bodies of water. Stork nestlings do not attack each other, and their parents' method of feeding them (disgorging large amounts of food at once) means that stronger siblings cannot outcompete weaker ones for food directly, hence parental infanticide is an efficient way of reducing brood size. [19] Black stork numbers have declined for many years in western Europe, and the species has already been extirpated from Scandinavia. This behaviour has only rarely been observed in the species, although the shyness of the species and difficulties in studying its nesting habits mean that it might not be an uncommon phenomenon. [50] It may feed on amphibians, small reptiles, crabs, mammals and birds, and invertebrates such as snails,[1] molluscs,[43][50] earthworms, and insects like water beetles and their larvae. Other measures should: Monitor breeding, migrating, wintering numbers, age composition and ecological changes at key sites; Sustainably manage rivers and small streams; Establish non-intrusion zones around nest locations; Protect nesting trees (also in plantations) and rocks; Bury power-lines or replace with more visible cable; Prevent poaching and overexploitation of fish. It forages in shallow streams, pools, marshes (del Hoyo et al. 1992), but non-breeding birds may frequent the estuaries of tidal rivers in South Africa (Hancock et al. The European population is estimated at 9,800-13,900 pairs, which equates to 19,500-27,800 mature individuals (Birdife International 2015).

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