(Roman mythology) goddess of the dawn; counterpart of Greek Eos, 1.an atmospheric phenomenon consisting of bands of light caused by charged solar particles following the earth's magnetic lines of force, 2. This insight was made possible not only due to scientific magnetometer measurements of the era, but also as a result of a significant portion of the 125,000 miles (201,000 km) of telegraph lines then in service being significantly disrupted for many hours throughout the storm. It happens most easily with a southward slant of interplanetary field lines, because then field lines north of Earth approximately match the direction of field lines near the north magnetic pole (namely, into Earth), and similarly near the south magnetic pole. This species of light usually appears in streams, ascending toward the zenith from a dusky line or bank, a few degrees above the northern horizon; when reaching south beyond the zenith, it forms what is called the corona, about a spot in the heavens toward which the dipping needle points.

At the magnetopause, Earth's magnetic field points north. Such low energies excite mainly the red line of oxygen, so that often such auroras are red. Boston: "Mine is disconnected, and we are working with the auroral current. Discrete aurorae often display magnetic field lines or curtain-like structures, and can change within seconds or glow unchanging for hours, most often in fluorescent green. Suppose we work without batteries while we are affected by this trouble." S. Tromholt, Om nordlysets perioder/Sur les périodes de l'aurore boréale, l'annuaire 1880, Inst.

The instantaneous distribution of auroras ("auroral oval"[1][2]) is slightly different, centered about 3–5 degrees nightward of the magnetic pole, so that auroral arcs reach furthest toward the equator about an hour before midnight. Wikiquote has a collection of quotations related to: Dynamo action involving plasma squeezed toward Earth by sudden convulsions of the, Satellite images of the aurora from above show a "ring of fire" along the auroral oval (see above), often widest at midnight. "A new functional form to study the solar wind control of the magnetopause size and shape".

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To overcome this, part of the available voltage appears along the field line ("parallel to the field"), helping electrons overcome that obstacle by widening the bundle of trajectories reaching Earth; a similar "parallel potential" is used in "tandem mirror" plasma containment devices.

Get XML access to reach the best products. Between 1859 and 1862, Elias Loomis published a series of nine papers on the Great Auroral Exhibition of 1859 in the American Journal of Science where he collected world wide reports of the auroral event.

Ohmic resistance is not the only obstacle to current flow in this circuit, however, the convergence of magnetic field lines near Earth creates a "mirror effect" that turns back most of the down-flowing electrons (where currents flow upward), inhibiting current-carrying capacity. The un-accelerated electrons and ions are responsible for the dim glow of the diffuse aurora. Other types of auroras have been observed from space, e.g. The solar wind usually reaches Earth with a velocity around 400 km/s, density around 5 ions/cm3 and magnetic field intensity around 2–5 nT (nanoteslas; Earth's surface field is typically 30,000–50,000 nT). Because Venus has no intrinsic (planetary) magnetic field, Venusian auroras appear as bright and diffuse patches of varying shape and intensity, sometimes distributed across the full planetary disc. Synonyms: cockcrow, dawn, dawning… Antonyms: nightfall, sundown, sunset… Find the right word. In addition, however, Jupiter's moons, especially Io, are powerful sources of auroras on Jupiter. Discrete aurorae are usually observed only in the night sky because they are not so bright as the sunlit sky. ], point d'une durée (lié à un événement) (fr)[Classe], (rosy; roseate; pink; pinkish), (pink; pinkness)[Thème], clock time, time - alter, change - hour, time, time of day[Hyper.

"On the Great Magnetic Disturbance of 28 August to 7 September 1859, as Recorded by Photography at the Kew Observatory". The aurora was located at Terra Cimmeria, in the region of 177° East, 52° South. The aurora borealis most often occurs near the equinoctes. ○   Boggle. Company Information Most English definitions are provided by WordNet . Phenomena Connected with the Event. In ancient Roman mythology, Aurora is the goddess of the dawn, renewing herself every morning to fly across the sky, announcing the arrival of the sun. (1986). It is well known (since Michael Faraday's [1791 – 1867] work around 1830) that when an electrical conductor is placed within a magnetic field while relative motion occurs in a direction that the conductor cuts across (or is cut by), rather than along, the lines of the magnetic field, an electric current is said to be induced into that conductor and electrons will flow within it. When the field line guiding a bright auroral patch leads to a point directly above the observer, the aurora may appear as a "corona" of diverging rays, an effect of perspective. Some O+ ions ("conics") also seem accelerated in different ways by plasma processes associated with the aurora.

B. Sigwarth, A. Asnes, J. M. Weygand (2007). The aurora is thought to have been produced by one of the most intense coronal mass ejections in history, very near the maximum intensity that the Sun is thought to be capable of producing. Similar to the Earth's aurora, they are visible close to the planet's magnetic poles. English Encyclopedia is licensed by Wikipedia (GNU). The aurora borealis seems to be composed of a mass of electric matter, resembling in every respect, that generated by the electric galvanic battery. "F layer ionization patches in the polar cap". Most English definitions are provided by WordNet .

The cusps allow a small amount of solar wind to reach the top of the atmosphere, producing an auroral glow. The ionosphere is an ohmic conductor, so such currents require a driving voltage, which some dynamo mechanism can supply. Auroras have been observed on both, most clearly with the Hubble Space Telescope. AuroraAu*ro"ra (�), n.; pl. The southward (and northward) excursions of Bz are greatest during April and October, when Earth's magnetic dipole axis is most closely aligned with the Parker spiral. The poets represented her a rising out of the ocean, in a chariot, with rosy fingers dropping gentle dew. The flow of plasma into the magnetosphere increases with increases in solar wind density and speed, with increase in the southward component of the IMF and with increases in turbulence in the solar wind flow. Auroral electrons created by large geomagnetic storms often seem to have energies below 1 keV, and are stopped higher up, near 200 km. Boston: "Yes. The Earth is constantly immersed in the solar wind, a rarefied flow of hot plasma (gas of free electrons and positive ions) emitted by the Sun in all directions, a result of the two-million-degree heat of the Sun's outermost layer, the corona. [42], The first Old Norse account of norðrljós is found in the Norwegian chronicle Konungs Skuggsjá from AD 1230. Change the target language to find translations.

These theories are now obsolete. This correlation indicates that the origin of the light emission was a flux of electrons moving along the crust magnetic lines and exciting the upper atmosphere of Mars.[33][34]. Portland: "Very well.

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