The affair was investigated and though charges of an atrocity were denied by Confederate authorities, the events at Fort Pillow cast a pall over Forrest's reputation and remained an emotional issue throughout the remainder of the war and after. - First Battle of Winchester, Virginia. The nation’s first conscription act is passed by Congress. On this same day, Joseph E. Johnston is restored to command the nearly shattered Army of the Tennessee, vice John B.

March 9, 1862- The naval battle between the USS Monitor and the CSS Virginia (the old USS "Merrimack"), the first "ironclads", is fought in Hampton Roads, Virginia. The Union Army of the Cumberland under General William Rosecrans is defeated and nearly routed by the Confederate Army of Tennessee commanded by General Braxton Bragg. February 6, 1862- Surrender of Fort Henry, Tennessee. This change in command signals a new Confederate strategy to thwart Sherman's campaign, though the end result will be disastrous for the southern cause. After two weeks of maneuvering and battles at Cross Keys and Front Royal, General "Stonewall" Jackson attacks Union forces at Winchester and successfully drives them from the city. July 30, 1864- The Battle of the Crater at Petersburg, Virginia.

Later that year, Lincoln offers amnesty to Confederate soldiers who will pledge loyalty to the Union. August 10, 1861- Battle of Wilson's Creek, Missouri.The Union Army under General Nathaniel Lyon, attack Confederate troops and state militia southwest of Springfield, Missouri, and after a disastrous day that included the death of Lyon, are thrown back. January 1861 - Six additional southern states secede from the Union. By day's end, Early's forces are put to flight.

April 26, 1865- General Joseph Johnston signs the surrender document for the Confederate Army of the Tennessee and miscellaneous southern troops attached to his command at Bennett's Place near Durham, North Carolina. After two days of maneuvering and intense fighting, Johnston withdraws. After weeks of digging, 109 Union officers made their escape from the notorious Libby Prison, the largest and most sensational escape of the war.

After four days of bloody attacks, Grant accepts that only a siege can systematically isolate the city and cut off Confederate supplies to the capital of Richmond. - First Successful Submarine Attack of the Civil War.

The largest cavalry battle of the Civil War, it also marks the beginning of the Gettysburg Campaign. July 13-14, 1863- Near Falling Waters, Maryland, Union troops skirmish with Lee's rearguard. Union occupation of this fort at the mouth of the Cape Fear River closes access to Wilmington, the last southern seaport on the east coast that was open to blockade runners and commercial shipping. In a murderous daylight raid, Confederate and Missouri guerillas under William Clarke Quantrill storm into Lawrence and destroy most of the town. December 17, 1860- The first Secession Convention meets in Columbia, South Carolina.
April 3, 1865- Union troops occupy Richmond and Petersburg, Virginia. February 18, 1861- Jefferson Davis is appointed the first President of the Confederate States of America at Montgomery, Alabama, a position he will hold until elections can be arranged.

Lee successfully outmaneuvers Meade though fails to bring him to battle or catch him in the open. Sherman's army is stalled in its drive northward from Fayetteville but succeeds in passing around the Confederate forces toward its object of Raleigh. President Lincoln issues a public declaration that an insurrection exists and calls for 75,000 militia to stop the rebellion.
Jubal Early's troops arrive on the outskirts of Washington, DC, and trade cannon fire with a token Union force remaining in the forts around the city. May 31-June 1, 1862- The Battle of Seven Pines near Richmond, Virginia. A Union flotilla under Commodore Charles Davis successfully defeats a Confederate river force on the Mississippi River near the city and Memphis surrenders. - Sacking of Lawrence, Kansas.

1195 Baltimore Pike May 7, 1864- Beginning of the Atlanta Campaign. General Stuart was mortally wounded during the encounter. Confederate General Robert E. Lee, in an attempt to bring the Southern cause to the North, invades Pennsylvania but is routed by the Union army.

Sep. After years of confrontations between slave states and free states of the North, the Compromise of 1850 is passed. April 6, 1865- The Battle of Sailor's Creek, Virginia. Union officers and officials in Washington believe this to be the final battle in the Shenandoah Valley. A surprise Confederate counterattack briefly stopped Union destruction of the Weldon Railroad near Ream's Station, though failed to release the Union grip on this important supply line into Petersburg.

A surprise Confederate counterattack briefly stopped Union destruction of the Weldon Railroad near Ream's Station, though failed to release the Union grip on this important supply line into Petersburg. October 9 -22, 1863- Bristoe Station Campaign. Hearing the fight from his headquarters at Winchester, General Philip Sheridan rides southward, rallying dispirited troops who return to the battlefield. A skirmish near Philippi in western Virginia, is the first clash of Union and Confederate forces in the east. Confederate forces are kept out of Union territory for the rest of the war.

Surrender of Fort Henry, Tennessee. May 23, 1865- The Grand Review of the Army of the Potomac in Washington, DC, May 24, 1865- The Grand Review of General Sherman's Army in Washington, DC. On this same day, Joseph E. Johnston is restored to command the nearly shattered Army of the Tennessee, vice John B.

February 17, 1865- Sherman's Army captures Columbia, South Carolina while Confederate defenders evacuate Charleston, South Carolina. Union forces capture Fort Fisher in North Carolina, strengthening a Union blockade which has caused devastating food and clothing shortages in the South. In a feint toward Washington, Lee's Army of the Northern Virginia marches into northern Virginia in an attempt to flank the Army of the Potomac, under General Meade. The final southern counterattack against Union troops outside the city of Atlanta fails. Appealing to 'the better angels of our nature' in an attempt to pacify growing concerns about possible conflict, he declares, 'I have no purpose directly or indirectly to interfere with the institution of slavery in the States where it exists'. Leading the Union infantry charge is the 54th Massachusetts Colored Infantry commanded by Colonel Robert Gould Shaw who is killed and buried with the dead of his regiment. December 15-16, 1864- The Battle of Nashville, Tennessee. It is a Confederate victory. Rhode Island becomes the first of the original Thirteen Colonies to introduce anti-slavery laws that would accentuate the divide between Northern and Southern states. In a sweeping assault, the Confederate stronghold known as Fort Harrison falls to the Army of the James. The Mississippi River is now in Union control except for its course west of Mississippi where the city of Vicksburg stands as the last southern stronghold on the great river. Among those garrisoning the fort were African American troops, many of whom were murdered by Forrest's angered troopers after they had surrendered.

Battle of Ball's Bluff, Virginia.

August 25, 1864- Battle of Ream's Station, near Petersburg, Virginia. July 4- Vicksburg, Mississippi, surrenders to the Union Army under Grant. Six additional southern states secede from the Union. Applauded by many abolitionists including. Both sides are exhausted; the Union fails to press advantage as Lee retreats. After a rapid raid through central and western Tennessee, Confederate cavalry under Nathan Bedford Forrest attacked and overwhelmed the Union garrison at Fort Pillow, located on the Mississippi River. Though 48 of the escapees were later captured and two drowned, 59 were able to make their way into Union lines.

August 21, 1863- Sacking of Lawrence, Kansas. As part of an overall Union strategy to strike deep into various parts of the Confederacy, a combined force of army and navy commands under General Nathaniel Banks begins a campaign on the Red River in Louisiana. Be on the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox. May 12, 1865- The final battle of the Civil War takes place at Palmito Ranch, Texas. Andrew Johnson becomes President. General Lee's army attacks the "Army of the Potomac" under General George McClellan in a succession of battles beginning at Mechanicsville on June 26 and ending at Malvern Hill on July 1. September 1, 1864- Fall of Atlanta, Georgia. - Battle of Pleasant Hill, Louisiana. This change in command signals a new Confederate strategy to thwart Sherman's campaign, though the end result will be disastrous for the southern cause. The first major battle of the Civil War occurs when public and political demands push an unprepared Union army into battle in Virginia. With three Union armies under his command, General William T. Sherman marched south from Tennessee into Georgia against the Confederate Army of Tennessee under General Joseph Johnston, the objective being the city of Atlanta. On April 25, the fleet arrived at New Orleans where they demanded the surrender of the city. Representatives of seceded states meet in Montgomery, Alabama, and form the. May 4, 1865- General Richard Taylor surrenders Confederate forces in the Department of Alabama, Mississippi and East Louisiana. January: The South Secedes. Although he lost the election, much of what Lincoln said in the debates went on to form his presidential campaign in 1860.Â. 17325. Stuart blocked a force of Union cavalry under General Philip Sheridan. April 8, 1864- Battle of Sabine Crossroads or Mansfield, Louisiana, the first major battle of the Red River Campaign in Louisiana. Stuart blocked a force of Union cavalry under General Philip Sheridan. Sherman will advance but take precautions against ordering any further massed assaults where high casualties may occur. The Union Army of the Shenandoah under General Philip Sheridan attacked Jubal Early's Confederates near Fisher's Hill, overpowering the southerners and again forcing them to flee the battlefield. The capture of Vicksburg gives the Union complete control of the Mississippi River, a vital supply line for the Confederate states in the west. General Ulysses S. Grant is assigned to command the troops there and begins immediate plans to relieve the besieged Union army. This timeline of events leading to the American Civil War is a chronologically ordered list of events and issues which historians recognize as origins and causes of the American Civil War.

September 20, 1861- Lexington, Missouri falls to Confederate forces under Sterling Price. Early withdraws that evening.

The arrival of draft officers in New York City spurs rioting. It was here that Union General Ulysses S. Grant gained his nickname "Unconditional Surrender". The victory is the culmination of his 1862 Valley Campaign.

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