(6) Rivers.The mountain ranges determine the course of the rivers and their length. (6) Amarna Period.In the reign of Thothmes IV the Hittites began to leave their mountains more and more and to press forward into Central Syria. Whenever there is a basis for determining the general geographical location mentioned in the Hebrew Scriptures, the northern area around Haran (Gen. 24:2-4, 10) or the northern mountainous region around Pethor (Deut. The city of Pethor, where Balaam, or at least his father Beor, came from, was in . Aram. It may be safely identified with the "Hatarikka" of the Assyrian inscriptions, against which Assur-dan III made expeditions in his 1st (772 B.C. The range then breaks down into the rounded hills of Upper Galilee (3, 500 ft.), extends through the table-land of Western Palestine (2, 500 ft.), and in the South of Judea broadens out into the arid Badiet et-Tih or Wilderness of Wandering. In the The Aramaeans in Ancient Syria the authors present the history and culture of the Aramaean kingdoms of Syria from the 12th to the end of the 8th century B.C. This gave the Egyptians, freed from the Hyksos rule, the opportunity to lay claim to Syria, and accordingly we find the struggle to be between the Hittites and the Egyptians. Aram (Aramaic: ܐܪܡ, Orom ‎), also known as Aramea, was a historical region including several Aramean kingdoms covering much of the present-day Syria, Southeastern Turkey and parts of Lebanon and Iraq. It is known by three names in the Bible (Genesis 25:20; 28:2-7; 48:7; Hosea 12:12-13): Haran, Paddan-Aram and Aram-Naharaim (which means a field, or country of Aram). This was the height of the North Kingdom's (Israel) power, and the Assyrian armies were largely held in check. 2020 Reprint of 1926 Editions. Full facsimile of the original editions and not reproduced with Optical Recognition software. This edition includes two titles published into one bound volume. (3) Second Mountain Belt.Along with this may be considered the parallel mountain range. The Assyrian empire now possessed the whole of Syria as far as the River of Egypt. This page identifies the current consensus around the modern location of this biblical place. It was in fertile lands with ample crops and lifestock but bordered the desert It is most notable for being Job's homeland. In any case, the earliest-known mention of Amorites is in a 4,400-year-old Akkadian cuneiform tablet, which describes them as a bitter enemy of the Sumerian Kingdom based in Ur (modern-day Iraq). Strabo, Pliny and Ptolemy give its boundaries as the Taurus Mountains, the Euphrates, the Syro-Arabian desert and the Mediterranean, and the territory within these limits is still politically designated Syria, though popularly Palestine is generally named separately.2.

Aram is the name of a region mentioned in the Bible located in central Syria, including where the city of Aleppo (aka Halab) now stands. 1 Chronicles 2:23 Geshur and Aram took the towns of Jair from them, with Kenath, and its villages, even sixty cities.

On the southern coasts and in the deeper valleys the vegetation is tropical, and there we meet with the date-palm, the sugar-cane and the sycomore. This volume brings together experts working in different fields to address the relations and interactions between Aram and Israel during the Early Iron Age (12th to 8th centuries BCE). In ancient times it was covered with palm trees, which, being thence introduced into Greece, were from their place of origin named phoinikes. d- As to Paddan Aram, technically Paddan (or Faddan) means the area that a bull plows per day see photo below. The name by which the Hebrews designated, generally, the country lying to the northeast of Palestine; the great mass of that high tableland which, rising with sudden abruptness from the Jordan and the very margin of the Lake of Gennesaret, stretched at an elevation of no less than 2000 feet above the level of the sea, to the banks of the Euphrates itself. The sons of Aram: Uz, Hul, Gether and Meshek." ( Genesis 10:22-23) It is also found in 1 Chronicles 1:17.

Their settlement at that time is in harmony with the Tell el-Amarna Letters in which we find no trace of them, while in the 11th century B.C. Syria is undoubtedly an extension of the name "Suri" the ancient Babylonian designation of a district in North Mesopotamia, but later embracing regions beyond the Euphrates to the North and West, as far as the Taurus. Yeroham is located in the northern Negev, the southern desert of Israel which extends to the Gulf . ARAM (PLACE) [Heb ʾărām (אֲרָם)]. In the Plain of Akka it has a breadth of 8 miles, and from Carmel southward it again broadens out, till beyond Caesarea it has an average of 10 miles. Your question: Is Lebanon mentioned in the Bible ... Arad in The Bible Grollenberg, Atlas of the Bible (1957): Paddan-aram. Within the sand dunes the soil is a rich alluvium and readily yields to cultivation. History(1) Canaanitic Semites(2) Sargon of Agade(3) Babylonian Supremacy(4) Hittite and Aramean(5) Hittites and Egyptians(6) Amarna Period(7) Rameses II(8) Philistines(9) Tiglath-pileser I(10) Aramean States(11) Peaceful Development(12) Shalmaneser II(13) Tiglath-pileser III(14) Shalmaneser IV and Sargon(15) Pharaoh-necoh and Nebuchadnezzar1. Gennesaret - Encyclopedia of The Bible - Bible Gateway These are the sons of Jacob, who were born to him in Paddan Aram. Tiglath-pieser I, however, crossed the Euphrates, defeated the Hittite king of Carchemish, advanced to the coast of Arvad, hunted wild bulls in Lebanon and received gifts from the Pharaoh, who thus recognized him as the successor of the Hittites in North Syria. a-If the Bible is right, then Paddan Aram, and Aram Naharaim must be located somewhere outside Mesopotamia, and in a location where Arameans lived during the same period that Abraham lived too, and this places both locations in the Levant region. Only the great central valley permits the formation of larger rivers, and there we find the Orontes and Leontes rising within a few feet of each other beside Baalbek, and draining Coele-Syria to the North and South, till breaking through the mountains they reach the sea. Following the worldwide flood mentioned in Genesis, Shem became the father of Aram, whose descendants became the people known as Arameans ( Genesis 10:22 . There are in all 22 varieties, the largest being a kind of perch, the coracinus, which is known elsewhere also in the Nile (Josephus, Ant, III, x, 8), and a peculiar old-world variety locally named `Abu-musht. Laban caught up with Jacob in the hill country of Gilead. Name.The name Gennesaret should be associated primarily with the area mentioned in two NT references (Matt 14:22; Mark 6:45).After feeding the 5,000, Jesus' disciples crossed over the Sea of Galilee to Bethsaida (), then crossed back again and came to land at Gennesaret. Yahweh gave victory to David wherever he went. This proposal has since been corroborated by a convincing body of evidence. (3) Babylonian Supremacy.Hammurabi and also his great-grandson Ammisatana designate themselves in inscriptions as kings of Martu, and it is very likely that other kings maintained the traditional limits of the empire. In the ancient times the cradle of the Aramean forefathers was called,, Aramnahrin" (or: Aram-Nahrin) in Aramaic. It lies along the Balīkh River, 24 miles (38 km) southeast of Urfa. See this map from year 1711 AD and note that Aram-Naharaim is located in west of the Euphrates river in the Levant and not east of the Euphrates river in Mesopotamia (Beth-Nahrain). (5) The Eastern Belt.To the East of the Anti-Lebanon belt there is a narrow stretch of cultivated land which in some places attains a breadth of several miles, but this is always determined by the distance to which the eastern streams from Anti-Lebanon flow. he advanced into Central Syria, but was met at Karkar by a strong confederacy consisting of Ben-hadad of Damascus and his Syrian allies including Ahab of Israel. Take a wife from there from the daughters of Laban, your mother's brother. (15) Pharaoh-necoh and Nebuchadnezzar.In 609 when Assyria was in the death grapple with Babylonia, Pharaoh-necoh took advantage of the situation, invaded Syria, and, defeating Josiah en route, marched to Carchemish. 2. The streams flowing westward are naturally short and little more than summer torrents. (14) Shalmaneser IV and Sargon.After some difficulty Shalmaneser IV compelled Tyre and Sidon to submit and to pay tribute. One of the most politically influential Aramean city-states was Aram-Damascus. Go to List of places in the Bible. 1 It seemed like a good idea to Darius. But it can never be in Mesopotamia, simply because during 2500 BC there was no Arameans living there. Two medium-sized Aramaean kingdoms . Jacob served in Laban's house for 20 years before fleeing back to Canaan (Genesis 31:1-21). Arameans were Nomad Bedouin tribes that originated from the region located south of the Levant, namely the Syrian Desert, (modern day south Syria, and Jordan), and migrated north, and later some tribes crossed over then east of the Euphrates (from West to East) and filled the vacuum created by the fall of the Hittites, and hence occupying Hittites villages. A scientific look at the history of Aramaean groups in Syria and Mesopotamia. Examines the geographical background, Aramaean migration, the invasion of Palestine, and rule over Damascus.

Padan Aram ("Plain of Aram") was the Hebrew name for a region in Aram otherwise known as Aram-naharaim ("Aram of the two rivers"). Under the Seleucids, Syria was regarded as coextensive with their kingdom, and the name shrank with its dimensions. This place is simply called "Mesopotamia" (Gr: "Between the rivers") in some translations. —Biblical Data: The name of a group of kindred tribes scattered over portions of Syria, Mesopotamia, and Arabia. The Greek conquest with the Ptolemies in Egypt and the Seleucids in Babylon brought back some of the old rivalry between East and West, and the same unsettled conditions. The Jordan is the only other stream of any size. Lifted from the bible. This belt begins in North Syria with the narrow Plain of Issus, which extends to a few miles South of Alxandretta, but farther South almost disappears, being represented only by the broader valleys and the smaller plains occupied by such towns as Latakia, Tripolis and Beirut. Haran in the center of Aramean activity in Genesis while Aram-Damascus is the central topic for the Arameans in 1 st and 2 nd Samuel, Kings, and Chronicles. And again it was located outside Mesopotamia. Some of the specific sites examined in this book include the cities of Sodom and Gomorrah; the Exodus itineraries; the territories and sites of the Israelite tribes, such as Reuben and Gad; as well as Ammon, Moab, Edom, and Gilead. Cassius, 5,750 ft.), till the Eleutherus valley is reached, and thence rising again in Lebanon (average 5,000 ft.), Jebel Sunnin (8, 780 ft.), it continues to the Leontes or Quasmiyeh. Then in 854 B.C. (4) Great Central Valley.Between Lebanon and Anti-Lebanon lies the great valley of Coele-Syria. Christie. 23 The descendants of Aram were Uz, Hul, Gether, and Mash. Name and Its Origin2. Daniel 6. There are one country and several men named Aram in the Bible. Writing another chapter in the story begun in Art of the First Cities (2003) and Beyond Babylon (2008), Assyria to Iberia offers a comprehensive overview of art, diplomacy, and cultural exchange in an age of imperial and mercantile ... Come, defy Israel. He captured Arpad after two years' warfare (742-740).

Aram in the Pentateuch. Other Designations3. Like all the stories in Bible, today's story really happened! (4) Hittite and Aramean.By the middle of the 2nd millennium B.C. such as spoke dialects akin to Hebrew or Phoenician. B.C.The Bible records constant contacts between the Hebrews and Aram. Aram. Both of the mountain belts in their whole length consist chiefly of cretaceous limestone, mixed with friable limestone with basaltic intrusions and volcanic products. In 705 the Egyptians under Sibahe and their allies the Philistines under Hanun of Gaza were defeated at Raphia.The last three rulers of Assyria were in constant difficulties with Babylonia and a great part of the empire was also overrun by the Scythians (circa 626 B.C. This great valley was caused by a line of fault or fracture of the earth's crust, with parallel and branching faults. Other Designations:Homer (Iliad ii.785) and Hesiod (Theog. Aram is a region mentioned in the Bible located in central Syria, including where the city of Aleppo now stands. 3 tn Aram "In the first year of Cyrus the king.". Shem's first son, Arphaxad, was born two years after the Flood, and his remaining sons would have been born in some reasonable sequence thereafter, probably around 36 years apart (Genesis 11:10-26). The walnut and mulberry are plentiful everywhere, and wheat, corn, barley, maize and lentils are widely cultivated. The temple of Eshmoun is located on the northern side of modern Saida, Lebanon, the ancient Sidon of the bible. Beginning in the neighborhood of Riblah, the chain of anti-Lebanon extends southward to Hermon (9, 200 ft.), and thence stretches out into the plateau of the Jaulan and Hauran, where we meet with the truncated cones of extinct volcanoes and great sheets of basaltic lava, especially in el-Leja and Jebel ed-Druz. It extended from there to beyond the Eurphrates and the Tigris. Then they claim that Aram Naharaim is in Tur-Abdin! Aram referred to as Syria & Mesopotamia. The country named Aram in the Bible is now called Syria, which lies directly to the north of Israel and east of present day Lebanon, and which capital was and still is Damascus.Aram-slash-Syria is not to be confused with Assyria, which was a country and later an empire to the far north-east of Israel; present day Iraq.

Unique Circular Format - see more in less space. Jacob set out in haste from Beersheba and camped at Bethel (formerly Luz) before continuing on to Paddan-aram (Genesis 28:10-29:1). The arrangement was confirmed by a treaty in which North Syria was formally recognized as the Hittite sphere of influence, and, on the part of the Assyrians who were soon to become the heirs of the Hittite pretensions, this treaty formed the basis of a claim against Egypt. ), and so nothing further was done in the West save the annexation of the mainland possessions of Phoenicia. History:(1) Canaanitic Semites.When history begins for us in the 3rd millennium B.C., Syria was already occupied by a Semitic population belonging to the Canaanitic wave of immigration, i.e. Still the central position between the Mesopotamian empires on the one hand and Egypt and Arabia on the other made it the highway through which the trade of the ancient world passed, gave it an importance far in excess of its size or productivity, and made it a subject of contention whenever East and West were ruled by different powers.4. 6. In other words it is a small piece of land that can't be compared with the entirety of upper Mesopotamia, or even Tur-Abdin. In the Old Testament, the word Aram often was used to descibe all or part of the general area of Syria. Those flowing to the desert are of the same character, the only one of importance being the Abana, to which Damascus owes its existence. Daniel is Thrown into a Lions' Den. The eagle, vulture, partridge and blue pigeon are plentiful, and gay birds chirp everywhere. Its Its capital was Damascus, currently the capital of the modern state of Syria. The place . (8) Flora.The western valleys and the maritime plain have the flora of the Mediterranean, but the eastern slopes and the valleys facing the desert are poorer. (7) Rameses II.Rameses II entered energetically into the war against Hatesar, king of the Hittites, and fought a battle near Kadesh. Conclusion #2: So either the Bible is right, and the Aramean claims are wrong, or the Aramean claim is right and the Bible is wrong! Paddan-Aram and the city of Haran fell to the Assyrians in the 13 th century BC (2 Kng 19:12).

In the Assyrian syllabaries it is the equivalent of iklu, "a field," so that Paddan-aram would mean "the field of Aram," and with this we may compare Hosea 12:12 (Hebrew 12:13) and the use of the Hebrew sadheh in connection with Moab and Edom (Judges 5:4 Ruth 1:6).Furthermore, [`padanu] and harranu are given as synonyms with the meaning of "road. Even after David, Omri the King of Israel had conquered part of Assyria and the Land of Aram near modern day Damascus and Made an alliance with the Phoenicians to the North (modern day Lebanon). The wives of Isaac and Jacob came from Aram-naharaim (Genesis 24:10). In Egyptian records the country is named "Ruten" or "Luten," and divided into "Lower" and "Upper," the former denoting Palestine and the latter Syria proper.3. The first volume, dealing with the Aramaeans in the Bible, has contributions by Douglas Frayne, Stephen Dempster, José Loza Vera, E.J. Revell, Alexander Rofé, André Lemaire, Francolino, J. Gontalves, Baruch Halpern, Raymond C. Van ... As you also probably have noticed there is no trace left of the Assyrian empire or the Assyrian name on this "map", this is an ongoing Aramean crusade against the Assyrian name see more about this here.Here is now several maps from historians, note where Assyria and Aram is located, the so called Arameans are ignoring these and are establishing their own "maps".

2 Kings 6:8 Then the king of Syria warred against Israel, and took counsel with his servants, saying, In such and such a place shall be my camp. Learn about 'Aram Naharayim original meaning in the Bible using the Old Testament Hebrew Lexicon - King James Version. Elsewhere the fruitful strip gradually falls away into the sands and rocks of the Syrian desert, barren alike of vegetable and animal life. 2 Samuel 15:8 For your servant vowed a vow while I . Invite a preschooler to open it. Oxford Bibliographies in Latino Studies offers an authoritative, trustworthy, and up-to-date intellectual map to this ever-changing discipline."--Editorial page. The city of Pethor, where Balaam, or at least his father Beor, came from, was in . Paddan-Aram seems to have been either identical with, or included within, the area of Aram-Naharaim and is described by Abraham as "the land of my birth" to which he sent his servant to find a wife for Isaac (24:4, 10; 25:20). In 605, however, he was there completely defeated by Nebuchadnezzar, and the whole of Syria became tributary to Babylonia. In the time of Abraham, padanu occurs on the Babylonian contract-tablets as a land measure, to which we may compare the Arabic feddan or "ox-gang." New Bible Dictionary (1996): Paddan . Paddan Aram in Aramaic means the field of Aram, a name that distinguishes the flatland from the mountainous regions to the north and east. Nahor, a town in the region of Aram-Naharaim that was named after the son of Terah. Aram stretched from the Lebanon mountains eastward across the Euphrates, including the Khabur River valley in northwestern Mesopotamia on . The volume provides reliable, up-to-date editions of seventy-three royal inscriptions of Tiglath-pileser III and of his son and immediate successor Shalmaneser V, eleven late Neo-Assyrian inscriptions which may be attributed to one of those ... "fish bread" will search for verses that contains "fish bread" in minimum 1 bible version: at least one: search for verses that contains any of the search words. פַּדַּן אֲרָם), place mentioned only in Genesis and prominently associated with the lives of the Patriarchs. PADDAN-ARAM (Heb. Which literarily means the highlands (since upper Mesopotamia is made of highlands). Damascus, in the KJV Bible, is directly named at least sixty times.The city's first mention is in the book of Genesis . 11 There is a man in your kingdom who has within him a spirit of the holy gods.

1. 3. (2) Sargon of Agade.Omitting as doubtful references to earlier relations between Babylonia and Syria, we may consider ourselves on solid ground in accepting the statements of the Omen Tablets which tell us that Sargon of Agade (2750 B.C.) © 2021 Assyrians.n.nu. First Published in 2014. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company. Written by Dallas Seminary faculty members, The Bible Knowledge Commentary 2-Volume Setoffers a straightforward, verse-by-verse exploration of the Old and New Testaments. Genesis 33:18 Jacob came in peace to the city of Shechem, which is in the land of Canaan, when he came from Paddan Aram; and encamped before the city. they are there as the inveterate foes of Israel. Then he divided the territory of Hamath among his generals. This volume contains the proceedings of two international meetings held by the Minerva Center for the Relations between Israel and Aram in Biblical Times (RIAB) in Ramat-Gan/Jerusalem (March 2017) and Leipzig (May 2018). 2 tc The translation reads בִירְתָא (birta', citadel") rather than the reading בְּבִירְתָא (bÿvireta', "in the citadel") found in the MT. pad'-an-a'-ram or p.-ar'-am (paddan 'aram; Septuagint Mesopotamia tes Surias; the King James Version Padan-aram): In Genesis 48:7, Paddan stands alone, but as the Septuagint, Sam, and Peshitta read "Aram" also, it must in this verse have dropped out of the Massoretic Text.In the time of Abraham, padanu occurs on the Babylonian contract-tablets as a land measure, to which we may . Commercial relations were continued, and Babylonia claimed at least a supremacy over Martu, and at times made it effective. Damascus fell in 732 B.C. of Syria."(Hosea 12:13) The term was perhaps more especially applied to that portion which bordered on the . The people of Syria settled between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers, also known as Mesopotamia. In fact, some translations such as the ESV and KJV, when translating the Hebrew word for "Aramean," substitute the word Syrian instead (see 2 Kings 7:6). And the children of the Kenite, Moses' father in law, went up out of the city of palm trees with the children of Judah into the wilderness of Judah, which lieth in the . (7) Nature of Soil.The variation in altitude both above and below the sea-level is naturally conducive to a great variety of climate, while the nature of the disintegrating rocks and the alluvial soil render great productivity possible. Genesis 29:4 Jacob said to them, "My relatives, where are you from?" a- If the Bible is right, then Paddan Aram, and Aram Naharaim must be located somewhere outside Mesopotamia, and in a location where Arameans lived during the same period that Abraham lived too, and this places both locations in the Levant region. Damascus. This is also why the Assyrian delegation described our nation as: "our ancient assyrian nation who reside mostly in the upper valleys of Tigris and Euphrates in Mesopotamia"It also proves another thing, which is that our Assyrian people lived in this map's region prior to WWI and the Assyrian Genocide of Seyfo-1915. Such a style also gives this unconventional dictionary a flowing quality, making it easier for the reader to enjoy large tracts of this text without pause. The name is traditionally derived from Aram, son of Shem, a grandson of Noah in the Bible.

The Arameans lived on an elevated tableland, and the topography is reflected in the fact that the word Aram comes from a root . From the Hebrew word Aram developed the name Armenia. Numbers 23:7 He took up his parable, and said, "From Aram has Balak brought me, the king of Moab from the mountains of the East. Laban caught up with Jacob in the hill country of Gilead. The Anglo Saxon Chronicle from the late 9th century mentions on the first page that the first people in Briton . A good Bible encyclopedia will list several. The first of these is the maritime plain. we find considerable change in the population. Such states were established in Hamath, Hadrach, Zobah and Rehob. It was named for the Aramaeans, who emerged from the Syrian desert to invade Syria and Upper Mesopotamia (c. 11th century bc) and who built numerous Genesis 28:2 Arise, go to Paddan Aram, to the house of Bethuel your mother's father. Fact #2: Archeologists findings establish the fact that the earliest Aramean presence in upper Mesopotamia was around 1000-1100 BC. 23:4; compare Numbers 23:7) is included under the designation "Aram-naharaim" (Mesopotamia). It is continued northward along the Orontes and thence stretches away eastward to the Euphrates, while southward it merges into the valleys of the Jordan and the Arabah. 2 Samuel 15:8 For your servant vowed a vow while I abode at Geshur in Syria, saying,'If Yahweh shall indeed bring me again to Jerusalem, then I will serve Yahweh.'". The second edition of Carl Brockelmann's Lexicon Syriacum, published in 1928, is rightly considered to be the best dictionary of Syriac ever written. An English translation of Arman Akopian's comprehensive Introduction to Aramean and Syriac Studies, from the earliest appearances of Arameans in the historical record, through to the modern day. It begins with the Amanus, a branch of the Taurus in the North. It is unlikely that Aram, Uz's father, was born past the . The fox, jackal, hyena, bear, wolf and hog are met nearly everywhere, and small tigers are sometimes seen (compare 2 Kings 14:9). Now arise, get out from this land, and return to the land of your birth.'". "A dictionary of the Bible and not of theology. It is intended to elucidate the antiquities, biography, geography, and natural history of the Old Testament, New Testament, and Apocrypha."--Pref. And Ruth, because it demonstrates the far-reaching impact of a righteous character. K. Lawson Younger Jr. shares literary perspectives on the books of Judges and Ruth that reveal ageless truths for our contemporary lives. Examines the varied, enormously sophisticated contents of the Bible and sees how certain Western authors were inspired by them. Meaning of ARAM. HarperCollins Bible Dictionary (2011): Paddan-aram. SAY • Today's Bible story is from the Book of 2 Kings. In Merj `Ayun it has sunk to 1,800 ft., at Lake Huleh it is over 7 ft., at the Lake of Tiberias-682 ft., and at the Dead Sea-1, 292 ft., and thence it rises again to the Gulf of Akabah. Assyria and Syria were originally two different nations although their founders, Asshur and Aram, were brothers, sons of Shem ( Genesis 10:22 ). Paddan Aram or Padan-aram (Aramaic: פדן ארם ‎) was a region referring to the northern plain of the former kingdom Aram-Naharaim.

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